Linux Commands - Part 2
Linux command line reference for common operations (part 2).
Examples marked with • are valid/safe to paste without modification into a terminal, so
you may want to keep a terminal window open while reading this so you can cut & paste.
All these commands have been tested both on Fedora and Ubuntu.
Linux Commands - part 2
Command
Description
archives and compression
gpg -c file
Encrypt file
gpg file.gpg
Decrypt file
tar -c dir/ | bzip2 > dir.tar.bz2
Make compressed archive of dir/
bzip2 -dc dir.tar.bz2 | tar -x
Extract archive (use gzip instead of bzip2 for tar.gz files)
tar -c dir/ | gzip | gpg -c | ssh user@remote 'dd of=dir.tar.gz.gpg'
Make encrypted archive of dir/ on remote machine
find dir/ -name '*.txt' | tar -c --files-from=- | bzip2 > dir_txt.tar.bz2
Make archive of subset of dir/ and below
find dir/ -name '*.txt' | xargs cp -a --target-directory=dir_txt/ --parents
Make copy of subset of dir/ and below
( tar -c /dir/to/copy ) | ( cd /where/to/ && tar -x -p )
Copy (with permissions) copy/ dir to /where/to/ dir
( cd /dir/to/copy && tar -c . ) | ( cd /where/to/ && tar -x -p )
Copy (with permissions) contents of copy/ dir to /where/to/
( tar -c /dir/to/copy ) | ssh -C user@remote 'cd /where/to/ && tar -x -p'
Copy (with permissions) copy/ dir to remote:/where/to/ dir
dd bs=1M if=/dev/sda | gzip | ssh user@remote 'dd of=sda.gz'
Backup harddisk to remote machine
rsync (Network efficient file copier: Use the --dry-run option for testing)
rsync -P rsync://rsync.server.com/path/to/file file
Only get diffs. Do multiple times for troublesome downloads
rsync --bwlimit=1000 fromfile tofile
Locally copy with rate limit. It's like nice for I/O
rsync -az -e ssh --delete ~/public_html/ remote.com:'~/public_html'
Mirror web site (using compression and encryption)
rsync -auz -e ssh remote:/dir/ . && rsync -auz -e ssh . remote:/dir/
Synchronize current directory with remote one
ssh (Secure SHell)
ssh $USER@$HOST command
Run command on $HOST as $USER (default command=shell)
•
ssh -f -Y $USER@$HOSTNAME xeyes
Run GUI command on $HOSTNAME as $USER
scp -p -r $USER@$HOST: file dir/
Copy with permissions to $USER's home directory on $HOST
ssh -g -L 8080:localhost:80 root@$HOST
Forward connections to $HOSTNAME:8080 out to $HOST:80
ssh -R 1434:imap:143 root@$HOST
Forward connections from $HOST:1434 in to imap:143
wget (multi purpose download tool)
•
(cd cli && wget -nd -pHEKk http://www.it.toata.info)
Store local browsable version of a page to the current dir
wget -c http://www.example.com/large.file
Continue downloading a partially downloaded file
wget -r -nd -np -l1 -A '*.jpg' http://www.example.com/dir/
Download a set of files to the current directory
wget ftp://remote/file[1-9].iso/
FTP supports globbing directly
•
wget -q -O- http://www.example.com/timeline.html | grep 'a href' | head
Process output directly
echo 'wget url' | at 01:00
Download url at 1AM to current dir
wget --limit-rate=20k url
Do a low priority download (limit to 20KB/s in this case)
wget -nv --spider --force-html -i bookmarks.html
Check links in a file
wget --mirror http://www.example.com/
Efficiently update a local copy of a site (handy from cron)
Part 1 of Linux Commands
Sursa2009-02-21 19:07:41
